Chapter 3
The Internet
- The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks thet links millions of businesses,government agencies,educatioal institutions,and individuals
- The Internet originated as ARPANET in september 1969 and had two main goals:
- Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together.
- Function even f part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster.
-1984 ARPANET has more than 1000 individual computers linked as hosts.
-1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET and becomes known as the Internet.
-1995 NSFnet terminates its network on the Internet and resumes status as researh network.
-1996 Internet 2 is founded.
-Today More than 550 million hosts connect to the Internet.
- Each oranization is responsible only for maintaining its own network
- Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network.
- Many home and small business user connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service.
-DSL
-Fiber to premises (FTTP)
-Cellular Radio Network
-Wi-Fi
-satellite Internet Service
- An access provider is a business that provdes individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or far a fee.
- ISP (internet service provider)
-National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide.
- Online service provider(OSP)
-Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network).
- Wireless Internet service provider
-May require a wireless modem.
- An Ip address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.
- A domain name is the text version of an IP address - Top-level domain(TLD).
- A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address.
- IP address=72.14.207.99
- Domain name=ww.goole.com(TLD)
The World Wide Wed
- The World Wide Wed,or Wed,consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Wed pages)
- A Web site is a collection of related Wed pages and associated items.
- A Wed server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.
- Web 2.0 refers to web sites that provide a means for users to interact.
- A web browser, or browser,allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs.
-Firefox
-Opera
-Safari
-Google Chrome
- A home page is the first pagethat a Web site displays
- Web pages provide links to other related Web pages - Surfing the Web
- Downloading is the process of receiving information
- Some Web pages are designed specifically for mcrobrowsers
- Aweb page has a unique address called a URL or Web address
- Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window.
- Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories.
- search engine- find information related to a specific topic
- subject directory - classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories.
- A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:
- images
- video
- audio
- publications
- maps
- people or businesses
- blogs
- some web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine's Web page prior to entering the search text.
- Search operators can help to refine your search
- There are thirteen types of Web sites
- Portal
- News
- Informational
- Business/Marketing
- Blog
- Wiki
- Online Social Network
- Educational
- Etertainment
- Advocacy
- Web Application
- Content Aggregator
- Personal
- Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy
- No one oversees the content of Web pages
- Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:
- Graphics
- Animation
- Audio
- Video
- Virtual reality
- A graphic is a digital representation of non text information
- Graphic formats include BMP,GIF,JPEG,PNG and TIFF
- A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic
- Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence
- Audio includes music,speech,or any other sound- Compressed to reduce file size
- You listen to audio on your computer using a player
- Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow
- Video consists of images displayed in motion
- Virtual reality(VR) is the use of computers t simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space
- A plug-in is aprogram that extends the capability of Web browser
- Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages
-Analyze and design a Web site
-Create a Web site
-Deploy a aWeb site
-Maintain a Web site
E-commerce
- E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network
- Business-to-consumer(B2C)
- Business-to-business(B2B)
- Consurmer-to-consumerC2C)
- E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network
- An e-mail program allows you to create,send,receive,forward,store,print,and delete e-mail messages
- A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name
-Unsubscribing removes your name
- Instant messaging (IM)is a real-time Internet communication service
- A chat is real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
- A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other
- VoIP(Voice over IP)enables users to speak to other users over the Internet- Also called Internet telephony
- A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussion about a particular subject -Typically required a newsreader
- A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group
- FTP(File TranferProtocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet
- Many openrating systems include FTP capabilities
- An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and /or download files using FTP
- Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior
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